Integrated management of onion maggot Delia antiqua (Meigen) and onion smut Urocystis cepulae (frost) with reduced-risk pesticides
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Onions ('Allium cepae L.') are an important field vegetable in Ontario with a farm gate value exceeding $21 million in 2004. Onion smut (OS) ('Urocystis cepulae' Frost) and onion maggot (OM) (' Delia antiqua' Meigen) are the most economically important pests of onions in Ontario. Without effective control measures, stand loss from each pest is more than 50%. Several novel reduced-risk fungicides and insecticides seed treatments have shown potential for OS and OM control. These chemicals can be used at a very low rate. The overall objective of this project was to develop an efficacious integrated approach to OS and OM control using insecticide/fungicide seed treatment combinations. Results over 2 years showed that using insecticide/fungicide seed treatments provided comparable control of OM and OS to the industry standards and represent ca. 99% reduction in pesticide use. Onion growers will benefit from this research, through the development of IPM programs for OS and OM controls.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".