<em>R v. Turtle</em>: Substantive Equality Touches Down in Treaty 5 Territory
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Court comes to Pikangikum First Nation through the air. Judges, Crown attorneys, and defence lawyers fly into this Anishinaabe community, located 229 kilometres north of Kenora, Ontario, to hear bail, trial, and sentencing matters involving members of the community. And then they fly out. Many of those provincial court proceedings involve sentencing members of the community to jail in Kenora or to a penitentiary even further away. We suspect that s. 15 of the Charter is rarely discussed in the Pikangikum courtroom (which is sometimes a room in the business development centre and sometimes the Chinese restaurant), a reality that is not unique to this community or courthouse. The equality rights guaranteed by s. 15 of the Charter, in their 35-year history, have had relatively little impact on the many ways that inequality pervades Canadian sentencing law.1 The promise of s. 15 has largely flown high above the daily machinations of criminal courts and places of punishment.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.007 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.004 | 0.003 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.019 | 0.002 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".