Material properties and mechanical behaviour of large-scale additively manufactured multi-layered steels
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Metal Big Area Additive Manufacturing is an additive manufacturing technique based on gas metal arc welding. The systems??? dual nozzle design prints two steels simultaneously; in this study, the test samples are made from AISI 410 stainless steel and AWS ER70S-3 mild steel. Three print patterns were designed to isolate the effects on the interface between the two materials. Deformation behaviour was analyzed by the use of two-dimensional digital image correlation. Nonhomogeneous strains and L??ders banding within the mild steel directly adjacent to the SS-MS interface were observed. There is a clear increase in strength close to the interface but no statistical change in strength between print patterns. Acicular ferrite/bainite were found close to the interface and allotriomorphic ferrite into the mild steel. A possible explanation for the changes in microstructure from is discussed by the use of electron diffraction spectroscopy, digital image correlation, microhardness, and electron backscatter diffraction.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".