Metoprolol Impairs Mesenteric and Posterior Cerebral Artery Function in Mice
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background/Rationale: In addition to their established cardioprotective role, β-adrenergic antagonists also increase the risk of stroke and mortality. We propose that a vascular mechanism could contribute to cerebral tissue ischemia in β-blocked patients.\nMethods: Cardiac output (CO), mean arterial pressure (MAP) and microvascular brain oxygen tension (PBrmvO2) were measured in anesthesized mice treated with metoprolol (3mg•kg-1, i.v.). Dose-response curves (DRCs) for adrenergic-agonists were generated in mesenteric resistance arteries (MRAs; isoproterenol, clenbuterol) and posterior cerebral arteries (PCAs; phenylephrine, isoproterenol) before and after metoprolol treatment.\nResults: Metoprolol reduced CO, maintained MAP and increased systemic vascular resistance (SVR) resulting in a decreased PBrmvO2 in mice. Metoprolol attenuated β-adrenergic mediated vasodilation in both MRAs and PCAs.\nConclusions: Metoprolol reduced brain perfusion in mice. A decrease in CO contributed however, metoprolol also inhibited β-adrenergic vasodilation of mesenteric and cerebral arteries. This provides evidence in support of a vascular mechanism for cerebral ischemia in β-blocked patients.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".