Mental Health and Healing with the Carrier First Nation: Views of Seven Traditional Healers and Knowledge Holders
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The Carrier First Nations people are the original inhabitants of Central Northern British Columbia. Along with First Nations throughout Canada, the Carrier people have endured years of hardship as a result of European colonization. Over time, this has resulted in erosion of traditional practices and decline in overall health. The focus of this research is the mental health of Carrier First Nations. In present day, Western European mental health services are provided to Carrier people. There is ongoing concern that these services are not meeting the needs of the Carrier people because they are not provided from within a Carrier cultural framework. As a Non-First Nations mental health practitioner working in Carrier communities, the researcher has seen this struggle first hand. In efforts to understand what culturally appropriate mental health services for Carrier people are, the researcher looked to Carrier people. Using an ethnographic framework, the researcher explored Carrier First Nation views of mental health and healing through discussions with seven traditional healers and knowledge holders who live and practice in Carrier communities. The resulting data provides a rich description of Carrier worldviews with respect to health and healing. It also describes the work of traditional Carrier healers, historically, as well as in present day. While this worldview is similar to other First Nations across the country, it is uniquely Carrier. This research has implications for mental health practice in Carrier communities.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.007 | 0.008 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.037 | 0.023 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.009 | 0.005 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.009 |
| Research integrity | 0.003 | 0.006 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".