From Nuclear to Renewables: The role utility-led voluntary contribution, community renewable, and grid modernization initiatives can play in allowing for a transition to nuclear-free electricity production in Ontario
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Ontario’s present electricity supply is one that relies heavily on nuclear generation to provide energy. Though it does not release greenhouse gases during operation, nuclear houses several other ecological risks. This paper looks at voluntary contribution initiatives, community renewable energy generation, and grid modernization, as three areas where initiatives and are being undertaken by utilities that will contribute to a greater portion of Ontario’s electricity demand being met by renewables as opposed to nuclear. Ultimately this paper seeks to determine if initiatives in any of these areas could ultimately lead to an electricity system transition in Ontario away from nuclear towards renewables. Grid modernization appears to have the highest potential to significantly increase the contribution of renewably-sourced electricity to Ontario’s supply. However, utilizing voluntary contribution strategies, and supporting the development of community renewable projects, while unlikely to eventually prompt a large electricity-system change, can meaningfully contribute to goal of increasing the supply of renewably-sourced electricity in Ontario.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.006 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.004 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.058 | 0.005 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".