The nature of intraspecific biodiversity in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The nature of intraspecific biodiversity in the Atlantic salmon was examined, more particularly the issues related to mating between non-natives and natives, and the genetic basis of complex traits, which could be important to aquaculture. These issues were examined in parental, F1, BC1 and F2 crosses between extremely genetically differentiated populations, i.e. a non-anadromous Canadian and anadromous Scottish populations, and the experiments were carried out in a hatchery. Outbreeding depression, which is defined as the reduction in the offspring fitness caused by the mating of unrelated individuals, was measured directly in relation to survival and indirectly through traits associated with early growth and development in parental, F1 and BC1 cross types. The genetic basis of smolification, seawater tolerance and resistance to PKD was investigated in F2 families. Reduced survival, which was asymmetrical in the BC1, was observed in the F1 and BC1 cross types, with offspring from one backcross being unviable, whilst viable offspring were obtained from the reciprocal backcross. Growth and development patterns were altered in the F1 and BC1 compared to the parental controls, and could be explained by both maternal and additive effects. QTL analysis revealed a number of markers associated with the various phenotypic traits related to smolification, seawater survival and PKD resistance, suggesting polygenic control. Reduced survival and altered growth and developmental patterns in the hybrids could be expected to lead to even more severe outbreeding depression in a selective environment. However, there was also indirect evidence for outbreeding depression in relation to seawater survival and PKD resistance.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".