Northern Goshawk Ecology in the Western Great Lakes Region
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A substantial amount of research has been conducted on Northern Goshawks (Accipiter gentilis) in recent years, but the majority of this research has been conducted in western North America and Europe.Little information has been published concerning goshawks in the western Great Lakes region, including the states of Minnesota, Wisconsin, and Michigan, and the forested southern portion of the Canadian province of Ontario.We present an overview of the regional information available on Northern Goshawks in the western Great Lakes region which draws heavily on our recent studies in Minnesota, but also includes published and unpublished information from across the western Great Lakes region.Inclusion of this information on productivity, breeding-season food habits, breeding-season habitat use, residency status and migration patterns, and breeding season mortality provides a broader understanding of the ecology of goshawks in this region.Our recommendations for additional research needed to enhance management of western Great Lakes region goshawks include development of a collaborative sampling program to identify goshawk nest sites and monitor survival, mortality, and productivity at subsamples of nests across the region; identification of winter habitat and prey use; and monitoring of goshawks in silvicultural treatment areas to assess responses to forest management.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".