Parametric macro-modelling of old Canadian brick masonry walls under in-plane loading
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A large portion of Eastern Canada’s existing building stock constructed pre-1965 features unreinforced masonry (URM) loadbearing walls. Eastern Canada’s old URM buildings are highly vulnerable to even low levels of ground shaking, having been built prior to the release of a robust seismic design standard with traditional construction practices and materials. The in-plane (IP) response of URM walls is critical to understanding seismic response of Eastern Canada’s old URM structures, yet limited data on their material characteristics and behaviours are presently available in literature. In this paper, validated numerical macro-models based on the Distinct Element Method (DEM) are used to extend the limited previous experimental results on IP-loaded URM walls made of clay bricks, and contribute to uncover their response under various boundary conditions, geometrical configurations, vertical overburden. Preliminary results allow for a greater understanding of the seismic behaviour of Eastern Canada’s old URM, enabling us to observe how internal (geometry) and external (boundary and loading conditions) factors may effect their IP response.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.005 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".