Rate of Breastfeeding Initiation and Continuation in Patients with Epilepsy: Study from a Tertiary Care Center in Makkah
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Amal M Alkhotani Department of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi ArabiaCorrespondence: Amal M Alkhotani, Royal College of Physician and Surgeon (Canada) Certificate of Neurology, Associate Professor of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia, Email amkhotani@uqu.edu.saObjective: The aim of this study was to assess the rate of breastfeeding initiation and continuation among women with epilepsy treated in a tertiary care center in the Makkah region.Methods: All women with epilepsy treated in the epilepsy clinic at King Abdullah Medical City from 2019 to June 2023 were interviewed by phone. Data collected included patients’ demographics, type and control of epilepsy, number of antiseizure medications (ASMs), and obstetric history.Results: Forty-eight patients were included in the study. A total of 32 (66.7%) were more than 30 years old, and 41 (85.4%) were from urban areas. A total of 22 (45.8%) received only one antiepileptic drug, 18 (37.5%) received two drugs, and 8 (16.7%) received three or more drugs. The majority (68.6%) of patients practiced breastfeeding. Breastfeeding lasted 6 months or longer for 12.1% of mothers. Bottle feeding was needed for 72.9% of patients. Breastfeeding was reported by significantly more patients (73.2%) from urban areas versus 42.9% of those from rural areas (P = 0.043). Also, 81.8% of patients on one ASM practiced breastfeeding, compared to 62.5% on more than two ASMs (P = 0.048). Other significant factors related to breastfeeding were not having a seizure during pregnancy (81.8%– 57.7%, P = 0.049) and a normal vaginal delivery (81.3%– 43.8%, P = 0.008).Conclusion: The rate of breastfeeding among women with epilepsy in the Makkah region is low. Several factors, including the number of ASMs, seizure control during pregnancy, spontaneous vaginal delivery, and being from an urban area, were significantly related to breastfeeding behavior among these women.Keywords: epilepsy, antiseizure medications, breastfeeding, factors
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".