Risk Perception and Physical Activity During COVID-19 Among Male and Female University Students: Using an Extended Health Belief Model
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background: Previous studies have shown that young adults are faced with physical, emotional, and psychological threats due to the COVID-19. In particular, the overall level of physical activity (PA) among college students has markedly decreased during the pandemic. It is necessary to find underlying mechanisms of PA behavior in COVID-19, as health-related behaviors formed during the college years can be maintained throughout a lifetime. Purpose: The present study aimed to examine the impact of perceptions toward COVID-19 and PA on PA participation among South Korean university students. Methods: Data were collected online from 150 South Korean undergraduate students. Gender-stratified multiple regression analysis was used to identify the relationships between perceptions and PA. We also analyzed moderate PA (MPA) and vigorous PA (VPA) separately to identify different aspects of PA participation according to the type of PA in the COVID-19 context. Results: Regression analysis revealed that both male (Coef=432.64, p
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.005 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".