"Standing up is a little thing that's actually a big thing" : a mixed methods investigation of the use of Oswestry standing frames in the homes of people with severe multiple sclerosis
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Aim Weakness and poor balance can limit opportunities for people with multiple sclerosis (MS) to engage with standing activities. This can lead to deconditioning and other secondary complications of inactivity. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of regular standing in an Oswestry frame on some secondary complications of inactivity and exptore the lived experience of using a standing frame Method A mixed-methods study was undertaken over 48 weeks using 9 people with severe MS. Quantitative strand - multiple-baseline, single-case experiments were used. Outcomes: Amended Motor Club Assessment, Canadian Occupational Performance Measure, Penn Spasm Scale, bowel frequency and pain scale. Qualitative strand - a case study approach with a phenomenological perspective explored the experiences of living with MS, using a frame and self-managed standing. Findings A significant improvement (p
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.025 | 0.023 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.004 | 0.003 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".