Spectral analysis of ship-based eddy covariance data
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Because of complications associated with ship motion and airflow distortion, eddy covariance (EC) from ships has not seen widespread application. In 2011, high frequency (10 Hz) measurements of three-dimensional wind velocity, temperature, CO2 and humidity and slow response sensors recording air temperature, humidity, wind speed/direction, surface temperature were deployed on a tower installed on the foredeck of the research ice breaker CCGS Amundsen to characterize the surface fluxes within the Canadian Arctic Archipelago. The ensemble averaged co-spectra for wind, temperature and CO2 showed general agreements evaluated against theoretical curves (Kaimal et al. 1972). Port- and starboard-side co-spectra appear to follow the theoretical curves while an over-estimation was seen at high frequencies for winds coming over the bow. Fluxes were also compared against modern parameterizations for CO¬2, heat and momentum exchange for open water environments. The range of EC momentum and sensible fluxes looks reasonable while CO2 flux exhibits uncertainties.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".