Towards pro-active rehabilitation planning of water supply systems
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Making decisions on the renewal of a water distribution system is essentially a balancing act between system performance and costs. In water distribution systems three types of failure are observed, structural, hydraulic and water quality. Frequencies of these failures together with failure consequences define failure risk. Risk can thus be mitigated by a reduction of failure frequency, i.e., renewal, and/orlimiting failure consequences. Life-cycle cost comprises risk (or the expected consequences of failure), cost of renewal and reduction of failure consequences. Sound decision should minimise this life-cycle cost, but to achieve this goal one must be able to quantify risks.In this paper the critical elements of a holistic view of water supply systems are identified and these are discussed in relation to the current state-of-practice and future research directions towards the pro-active planning of their renewal. While various models are available to analyse water main breaks, commensurate efforts need to be dedicated towards analyses of water quality and hydraulic failures.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".