Temperature trends at 90 km over Svalbard, Norway (78°N l6°E),seen in one decade of meteor radar observations
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Temperatures at 90 km altitude above Svalbard (78°N, l6°E) have been determined using a meteor wind radar and subsequently calibrated by satellite measurements for the period autumn 2001 to present. The dependence of the temperatures on solar driving has been investigated using the Ottawa 10.7 em flux as a proxy. Removing the response of the temperatures to the seasonal and solar cycle variations yields a residual time series which exhibits the negative trend of -4 ± 2 K decade -I. We indicate that, given the month-to-month variability and memory in the time series, for a 90% confidence in this trend, we require only 55 months of data- considerably less than the amount available. Cooling of the middle atmosphere, which would be strongly supported by these results, would result in contraction and subsequent lowering of pressure surfaces; we explain that including a negative trend in the pressure model used to obtain temperatures from meteor train echo fading times would also merely serve to augment the observed 90 km cooling.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.005 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".