Toll-like receptor modulation of disease relevant B cell responses
Bibliographic record
Abstract
B cells are becoming increasingly recognized as important immune regulatory cells.Depending on their context of activation, the balance of B cell production of proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines is affected.Recent work has shown that Toll-like receptor (TLR) ligation is an important signal affecting B cell activation.We sought to determine the effect that the combination of antigen recognition, T cell help and TLR ligation would have on B cell response profiles of both control donors and Multiple Sclerosis (MS) patients.We found that TLR8 ligation resulted in enhanced B cell proliferation and survival combined with a marked suppression of B cell effector cytokines.TLR9 ligation resulted in similar enhancement in B cell proliferation that was combined with significantly increased effector cytokine production.These findings highlight the importance of TLR ligation on B cell activation and underscore the importance of understanding the effects of TLR activation on B cell biology.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".