Vitamin K|1-dependent growth regulatory pathways during embryogenesis
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The normal embryonic development requires a well coordinated repertoire of cellular activities including cell division, differentiation, and migration. Protein tyrosine kinases (PTKs) are involved in regulating these events during embryonic development. Recently, vitamin K-dependent $\\gamma$-carboxylated proteins and Gas6 have been identified as ligands for a unique family (Tyro 3, 7 and 12) of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs). Since Tyro 7 and 12 RTKs show wide spatial and temporal expression during embryonic development, and overexpression of Axl (Tyro 7) in transgenic mice appears to cause prenatal lethality, the developmental signals from vitamin K-dependent receptor-ligand system are required for orderly embryogenesis. Furthermore, the involvement of vitamin K metabolism and functions in two well characterized birth defects, warfarin embryopathy and vitamin K epoxide reductase deficiency, also supports this hypothesis. Using a chick model of embryogenesis, we demonstrated the existence of a vitamin K$\\sb1$-dependent protein-tyrosine phosphorylation cascade during embryogenesis. This cascade is sensitive to alteration in levels and metabolism of vitamin K$\\sb1$ and involves c-Eyk, a member of the Tyro 12 family, and a group of key intracellular proteins, including focal adhesion kinase (pp125$\\sp{\\rm FAK}$), paxillin, and pp60$\\sp{\\rm c-src}$ The precise regulation of vitamin K$\\sb1$-dependent regulatory pathways appears to be critical for orderly embryogenesis. These findings explain partly why, in the mammalian fetus, the vitamin K-dependent proteins are maintained in an undercarboxylated state, even to the point of placing the newborn at hemorrhagic risk.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".