As intervenções de enfermagem que permitem a diminuição da sobrecarga do cuidador informal de cuidados à pessoa com demência.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
O aumento da esperança de vida da população, que se apresenta cada vez mais envelhecida, aumenta o risco dos idosos virem a desenvolver uma síndrome demencial. Actualmente a demência é incurável e irreversível e apesar de poder afectar esporadicamente pessoas de faixas etárias variadas, afecta principalmente os idosos. Associada a perdas cognitivas, comportamentais e afectivas, a demência potencia a sobrecarga da família, que é a principal cuidadora, pelo impacto que esta tem em comparação outro tipo de doenças crónicas. Objectivo: Determinar quais as intervenções de enfermagem, que permitem a diminuição da sobrecarga do cuidador informal de cuidados, à pessoa com demência. Metodologia: Efectuada pesquisa no motor de busca EBSCO, e duas bases de dados: CINAHL Plus with Full Text, MEDLINE with Full Text. Foram procurados artigos em texto integral (Agosto/2011), publicados entre 2005/01/01 e 2011/08/22. Foi utilizado o método de PI[C]O e seleccionados 3 artigos do total de 226 encontrados. Resultados: Com o envelhecimento populacional, as demências constituem um dos principais problemas de saúde pública deste século que afectam não só qualidade de vida dos doentes, dada a perda de autonomia e independência, mas também a dos cuidadores, uma vez que são sujeitos a uma sobrecarga física, emocional, social e por vezes financeira. As intervenções que melhor apoiam estes cuidadores são as Psicoeducacionais e Multicomponentes, porém as evidências sugerem que o desenvolvimento de intervenções Multicomponentes, que incluem uma diversidade de serviços, diminuem a sobrecarga, melhoram a qualidade de vida e permitem que os cuidadores prestem cuidados em casa durante um período mais longo, evitando assim a institucionalização. Conclusões: Os enfermeiros estão habilitados a prevenir e detectar precocemente a sobrecarga do cuidador informal de pessoas com demência, tendo ao seu dispor vários instrumentos de avaliação, como o Genograma, Ecomapa e Escala de Zarit. A avaliação precoce ajuda os enfermeiros a planear/seleccionar as intervenções adequadas, baseadas na evidência para prevenir e diminuir a sobrecarga do cuidador, sugerindo-se o recurso aos Modelos Calgary de Avaliação e Intervenção na Família. The increase of the life expectancy of the population, which is increasingly getting older, increases the risk for the elderly to develop some kind of demential syndrome. Nowadays dementia is incurable and irreversible, and although it can sporadically affect individuals of the varied age groups, it affects mostly the elderly. Associated with cognitive, behavioural, and affective function losses, dementia potentiates the burnout of the family, which is normally the main care provider, by the impact that it has in comparison with other chronic diseases. Objective: Determine which nursing interventions allow the reduction of caregiver overload of informal care to the person with dementia. Methodology: Checking the EBSCO search engine in two databases: CINAHL Plus with Full Text, MEDLINE with Full Text. We searched for full text articles (August/2011), published between 2005/01/01 and 2011/08/22. We used the PI[C]O method and selected 3 articles of the total 226 we found. Results: With the population aging, dementias are one of the public health problems of this century that affect not only the quality of life of patients, given the loss of autonomy and independence, but also of the caregivers, because they are subject to physical, emotional, social, and sometimes financial pressures. The nursing interventions that best support these caregivers are Psycho-educational and Multicomponent, but evidence suggests that the development of Multi-component interventions, that include a variety of services, reduces the pressure, improves quality of life and allows caregivers to provide home care for a longer period, thus avoiding institutionalization. Conclusions: Nurses are empowered to prevent and detect at an early stage the overload of the informal caregiver of people with dementia, and are provided with various assessment tools, such as the Genogram, Ecomap and Zarit Scale. Early diagnosis helps nurses plan/select interventions based on evidence, that are adequate to prevent and reduce the caregiver’s overload, suggesting the use of the Calgary Family Assessment Model and the Calgary Family Intervention Model.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.007 | 0.023 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.003 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.004 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.010 | 0.002 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".