Application of egg by-products as high quality protein, energy and bactericidal supplements in poultry and swine nutrition
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Egg-breaking facilities produce substantial quantities of technical albumen or whole egg by-products each year that are unsuitable for human consumption. Despite their excellent amino acid profile, energy content and the presence of anti-bacterial proteins (i.e., lysozyme), they have received little attention as animal feedstuffs. The objectives of the current study were (1) to determine the nutritive value of technical albumen and whole egg by-products, and (2) to investigate the effect of heat-treatment and gamma-radiation on the nutritive value of egg by-products and on induction of bactericidal activity of lysozyme against pathogenic bacteria. Due to the promising results regarding the heat treatment of lysozyme, technical albumen was also thermally treated. Gamma radiation was investigated as an alternative treatment to induce the novel activity of lysozyme. To determine the nutritive value of egg by-products, seven 'in vivo' animal trials were conducted. The potential for spray-dried egg proteins to replace spray-dried porcine plasma (SDPP) in early-weaned pig diets was investigated in two 3-week performance trials. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".