Association of Alcohol Consumption with Specific Biomarkers: A\nCross-sectional Study in South Africa
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The World Health Organization (WHO) recently stated that alcohol consumption is the fifth leading cause of death worldwide and that intakes are on the increase, especially in developing countries (2).According to the WHO's database, South Africa's adult per-capita consumption of pure alcohol is 9.46 litre.What is, however, of concern is that those who reported to drink have a 34.90 litre percapita consumption of pure alcohol by adults for both genders, which is one of the highest in the world (2).Alcohol-abuse in South Africa is reported to be responsible for at least half of the 14,000 annual road deaths, high crime rates, violence, sexual risk behaviour, family disruption, and a host of individual and societal problems (3).Additionally, binge drinking results in an increased cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk as well as micronutrient deficiencies (4) both having high prevalence in the South African population (1).
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".