Bacteriophages and their use for biological control of Erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora soft rot of calla lily
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Fourteen bacteriophage of 'Erwinia carotovora' subsp. ' carotovora' were isolated from samples of calla lily fertilizer solutions taken from Ontario greenhouses, where infected callas were present. A mixture of four bacterial host isolates was used to enrich field samples to avoid the selection bias of a single-host system. Molecular characterization of the phages with restriction endonuclease digestions indicated that two distinct types had been isolated. Phage titers were found to be stable in fertilizer solutions made with sterile reverse osmosis water, but not with non-sterile tap water. Phages did not survive in calla tuber pre-plant treatment solutions. Biological control of 'E. carotovora' subsp. 'carotovora ' by the bacteriophages was assessed in fertilizer solution, on the surface of plugs of calla tuber tissue, and in greenhouse trials. Phage isolates were able to significantly reduce bacterial density in fertilizer solution and on the surface of calla tuber tissue plugs. On tuber plugs and in greenhouse trials, phages were able to reduce the incidence of soft rot symptoms by 50%.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".