The benchmark project IRIS on missile impacts on concrete containment structures: modelling approach & analysis results of JRC
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This paper describes the modelling approach and major results of the numerical analyses performed by the Joint Research Centre (JRC) -Institute for Energy (IE), Petten, The Netherlands and Altair Engineering France within the benchmark project "Improving Robustness Assessment Methodologies for Structures impacted by Missiles (IRIS)".The benchmark project was initiated and carried out within the "Subgroup on Concrete" of the "Working Group on the Integrity and Ageing of Components and Structures (WG IAGE)" of the Nuclear Energy Agency (NEA) of the OECD and lasted the complete year of 2010.Within IRIS each participant was requested to perform numerical analyses on three rather different missile impact tests (two flexural failure tests and one punching shear test) in which missiles were impacted into reinforced concrete slabs.The two flexural failure tests were the Meppen-II-4 Test and a new flexural failure test performed at VTT.The punching shear test was a new missile impact test performed at VTT during the benchmark project.The objective of the numerical analyses was to investigate to what extend they are capable to predict the outcome of these tests.The FE analyses presented in this paper were carried out using complete three dimensional models with Lagrangian meshes for concrete slabs and missiles.The deformation behaviour of the missiles in all three tests could be predicted accurately by the FE analyses.The slab behaviour was more difficult to predict.The punching through of the missile in the punching shear test at VTT could not be predicted, but scabbing pattern and shear cone inside the slab were estimated quite accurately.Cracking and damage patterns could be well predicted for all three tests, where as the prediction of magnitude and frequency of time series for slab displacements, rebar strains and reaction forces (for Meppen-II-4 Test) varied between the tests.The FE analyses have shown that the prediction of the outcomes of punching shear test is more difficult than for a flexural failure test and that the outcomes of flexural failure tests can be predicted with quite some accuracy with today's FE codes.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.004 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.020 | 0.006 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".