Cardiovascular and myotropic actions of bradykinin and angiotensin II in the little skate, Leucoraja erinacea
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Through the actions of bradykinin (BK) and angiotensin II (ANG II), the kallikrein-kinin and renin-angiotensin systems, respectively, regulate cardiovascular mechanisms in both mammals and fish. The myotropic and cardiovascular actions of homologous BK from the little skate, Leucoraja erinacea, were examined in the little skate. Administration of skate BK in vivo produced a biphasic increase in blood pressure and constricted the 1st branchial, mesenteric and celiac arteries in vitro. Co-administration of skate BK with several pharmacological agents suggest multiple pathways are involved in mediating the myoactivity of the BK in the little skate. The myotropic effects of ANG peptides were also assessed in the little skate and addition of homologous ANG II to pre-constricted vessels in vitro demonstrated a dose-dependent vasodilation. Morover, addition of skate BK in a heterologous bioassay produced a dose-dependent vasodilator effect in the aorta of the mouse suggesting conservation of this ancient peptide-receptor complex in mammals.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".