Behavioural and electrophysiological explorations of context maintenance and contextual integration dysfunctions in schizophrenia
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A meaningful item, such as a word, object or face, that is unexpected in a given context, elicits the N400, an event-related potential (ERP) thought to index the amount of effort applied to integrate the item in its context. This N400 has repeatedly been found to be abnormal in schizophrenia (Sz) patients. Meanwhile, these patients are also deficient at maintaining context in mind, which, like the inability to integrate an item, can cause a comprehension deficit. The maintenance of context can be assessed by measuring another component of ERPs, the contingent negative variation (CNV). The CNV is evoked by a context stimulus that is presented just before a target stimulus. As yet, the N400 and the CNV have not been studied together in order to assess the respective roles of contextual integration and context maintenance in semantic performance. To this end, Sz subjects and normal controls were asked to perform semantic categorizations for word, face, and object targets in an experiment in which each categorization was specified by a context instruction stimulus presented just before each target stimulus.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.007 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".