Comparative Analysis of Energy Transition Strategies: Emissions, Resources, Market Dynamics, and Energy Flows in Quebec and Norway
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The importance of energy transition is one of the most important actions in the fight against climate change and environmental degradation, and this comparative analysis assesses how Quebec's and Norway's energy transition strategies differ in their approach to their emissions, resource use, market dynamics and energy flows. The aims of this research are to understand the differences in the domestic emissions of these two states, understand domestic energy generations, energy imports and exports, energy consumption and an analysis of how these differences affect the plans put in place by the national governments of these two states to achieve energy transition.\n\nThe results obtained from this study on the theme of emissions showed how Quebec's highest-emitting sectors are the manufacturing, household consumption and primary sector, leading to per-capita emissions of 11.3 tonnes of CO2, while Norway's emissions are dominated by the energy sector, transport and manufacturing, leading to per-capita emissions of 6,515 tonnes of CO2. To complement domestic production, energy imports and exports were essential to understanding the energy present in each territory. Quebec, which produces no fossil fuels on its territory, must import its demand for fossil fuels and import a very low amount of electricity due to the abundance of electricity the province generates. Domestic energy consumption across the residential, industrial and transport sectors shows the predominance of renewable energies in Quebec and a more diversified mix in Norway, as well as high energy consumption in the industrial sector through energy-intensive industries and the transformation of the transport sector with increasing electrification.\n\nFinally, an analysis of the differences and similarities between the 4 themes studied has enabled an analysis of the differences in energy transition strategies and demonstrates why Quebec is focusing on expanding its renewable energy production, increasing energy efficiency and continuing electrification through targets set in its master plans.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".