DEVELOPMENT OF SUBURBANIZATION IN EUROPE
Bibliographic record
Abstract
At the beginning of the XXI century, it was of interest to strengthen the centrifugal nature of urban processes, called suburbanization. As a follow-up process, the development of suburbanization is related to urban growth and population growth. Developments in Western Europe largely follow the patterns of suburbanization of countries overseas (the US and Canada), with over 70-80% of the population living in the suburbs or outskirts of cities. In Europe, it is difficult to define suburbanization processes due to the fact that in different countries there is a different definition of urban areas, agglomerations, urbanized areas, and other socio-economic structures. On the territory of Bulgaria, the processes of suburbanization began to develop after the 1950 s and followed those of the countries of Eastern Europe. The territory and area of the country concerned are essential. The collection of information on suburbanization as an ongoing process is carried out by the UN and Eurostat statistical offices. The information provided by each country in Europe is different in the context of the above lines.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".