Dietary intake of polyunsaturated fatty acids in relation to red blood cell membrane fatty acids and bone health in healthy men: a cross-sectional study
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and long chain PUFA (LCPUFA) may play a role in bone health, but evidence is scarce in human males.The objective of this study is to determine if the dietary intake of PUFA and LCPUFA, particularly the omega-3 LCPUFA, and their subsequent levels in red blood cell (RBC) membranes are associated with higher bone mineral density (BMD) of the whole body, spine, hip, and femoral neck in healthy middle aged men.Anthropometric measurements, assessment of dietary and supplement intake, assessment of total and weight-bearing physical activity, quantification of total fatty acid levels in RBC membranes, and assessment of BMD using dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) was conducted in a crosssectional sample of healthy middle-aged men.Statistical Analysis using the student t-test for eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) intake and status above and below the median was conducted, followed by multiple linear regression analysis to confirm the results of the ttest while accounting for covariates including body mass index (BMI), serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D (25(OH)D), calcium intake, alcohol intake, and physical activity.Higher dietary intake of EPA+DHA was associated with higher whole body and spine BMD and spine z-score.Higher EPA intake was associated with higher spine z-score.Finally, higher EPA status (% in RBC) was associated with higher whole body and spine BMD; and of femoral neck and spine z-scores.These preliminary results suggest that men with higher intakes of EPA and DHA and higher EPA status have improved bone health.However, it appears the LCPUFA status is a stronger predictor than dietary LCPUFA intake.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".