Enhancing livelihood resilience in Makueni county, Kenya: the role of informal credit in smallholder farming
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Considered to be a dryland area characterized by a chronic scarcity of water, Ukambani is largely situated on an eastward-facing slope with decreasing soil moisture and increasing erosion moving west to east and north to south (Moore 1979).The rains are very unreliable with the time between March and May bringing "long rains" and the time between October and December bringing "short rains." 4 Typically, the time from December to March is extremely dry.According to the work of Mary Tiffen, Michael Mortimore, and Francis Gichuki (1994) carried out in Southern Ukambani (Machakos to Makindu), severe droughts are likely to occur in one year in four or five, either during the long or short rains.Droughts characteristically occur "in runs rather than singly," which means 4 Locally, the time from May to October is referred to as "winter" as the farmers prepare their soil for planting season in October/November.Most people refer to the seasons according to "long" and "short" rains, though this labeling is sometimes misleading, as the "short" rains may be heavier than the "long" rains.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".