Extrusion-foaming in the presence of carbon dioxide of branched polylactide: relationship composition - rheological behavior - crystallization
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
This work investigates the effect of macromolecular chain-branching on polylactide (PLA) rheology, crystallization, and foamability. An amorphous and a semicrystalline PLA were branched using a multifunctional styrene-acrylic-epoxy copolymer. The branching of PLA and its foaming were achieved in one-step extrusion process. Carbon dioxide, CO2, with concentration up to 9%, was used as expansion agent to obtain foams from the two PLA branched using chain-extender contents up to 2%. The foamed materials were investigated with respect to their shear and elongational behavior, crystallinity, morphology, and density. The addition of the chain-extender led to an increase in complex viscosity, elasticity, elongational viscosity, and in the manifestation of the strain-hardening phenomena. Low-density foams were obtained starting from 5% CO2 for semicrystalline PLA and only at 9% CO2 in the case of the amorphous PLA. The differences observed between the foaming behaviours and foam microstructures of the two PLA grades were due to their different crystallization behaviours.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it