Factors influencing starch chain realignment and interactions within the amorphous and crystalline domains of pulse and high amylose maize starches on annealing
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The composition, morphology, structure and physicochemical properties of \nstarches extracted from lablab bean, navy bean, rice bean, tepary bean and velvet bean \nwere examined. Imaging techniques revealed the presence of cracks on granule surfaces \nand disorganized starch chains near the vicinity of the hilum in some starches. The \nstarches exhibited wide variations with respect to granular size and specific surface area. \nMolecular order, molecular orientation (birefringence), double helical content, \ncrystallinity, crystalline perfection and crystalline stability differed among the pulse \nstarches. However, they exhibited similar amylopectin chain length distribution. The \nresults showed that interplay among differences in molecular order, double helical \ncontent, relative crystallinity, amylose content, granule morphology and the extent of \ninteractions between starch chains within the amorphous and crystalline domains, \ninfluenced thermal, rheological and digestibility properties. The factors underlying the \nsusceptibility of pulse (including wrinkled pea) and Hylon®VII starches toward in vitro \nhydrolysis were studied. The rate and extent of hydrolysis were influenced by the \nstructure of the native starches at different levels (molecular, supramolecular, granular) of \ngranule organization, and by the extent of interaction among hydrolysed starch chains. \nStarches were modified by annealing treatment. Annealing increased the relative \ncrystallinity and the onset (To) and melting (Tp) temperatures and decreased the \ngelatinization temperature range (Tc-To). The increase in Tp and decrease in Tc-To \nsuggest that annealing improved double helix arrangement by decreasing heterogeneity \nwithin the crystalline lamellae. This study showed that the organization of starch chains within the amorphous and crystalline domains of native starches influenced \nreorganization of starch chains on annealing. The extent of these changes differed \nbetween normal and high amylose starches due to the structural differences that exist in \nboth amorphous and crystalline regions. The role of amorphous regions on annealing was \nstudied using the approaches of partial acid hydrolysis and cross-linking with sodium \ntrimetaphosphate and sodium tripolyphosphate. The results suggest that the amorphous \nregions contributed to the molecular mechanism of annealing by influencing the \nrealignment of glucan chains in the crystalline regions.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.004 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".