Inorganic carbon dynamics in the Estuary and Gulf of St. Lawrence: a source or sink of atmospheric CO2 and factors that control the spatial variability in gas exchange
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
The incomplete spatial coverage of surface-water CO 2 partial pressure (pCO 2 ) data across estuary types represents a significant knowledge gap in current regional-and global-scale estimates of estuarine CO 2 emissions.The Estuary and Gulf of St. Lawrence, at the southern limit of the subarctic region in eastern Canada, is the world's largest estuarine system and an excellent analogue of the more general coastal environment, yet no systematic study of its CO 2 dynamics has been published to date.pH and total alkalinity measurements are used to calculate the pCO 2 in the surface mixed layer that is in active contact with the atmosphere.On the basis of the available data, the area-averaged air-sea CO 2 flux is estimated for the whole estuary.The key physical and biogeochemical processes controlling the spatial variability of surface-water pCO 2 are then identified, using a further development of the extended optimum multiparameter (OMP) water mass analysis.In so doing, the physically-and biologically-induced changes of the inorganic carbon pool are differentiated.In late spring or early summer 2003-2016, the shallow, partially mixed, riverdominated Upper Estuary was a source of CO 2 to the atmosphere due to microbial respiration of organic matter, whereas the deep, stratified, marine-dominated Lower Estuary was a sink of atmospheric CO 2 due to net phytoplankton photosynthesis favored by the prevailing environmental conditions.Overall, the large subarctic St.Lawrence Estuary was a very weak source of CO 2 , with an area-averaged CO 2 efflux of 0.98 to 2.02 mmol C m -2 d -1 (0.36 to 0.74 mol C m -2 yr -1 ) similar to that of strongly stratified and/or marine-dominated systems and Arctic estuaries. RsumLa couverture spatiale parse des mesures de pression partielle de CO 2 dans les eaux de surface (pCO 2 ) de diffrents types d'estuaires est une entrave l'laboration d'valuations quantitatives des missions de CO 2 estuariennes l'chelle rgionale et mondiale.L'estuaire et le golfe du Saint-Laurent, la limite infrieure de la rgion subarctique de l'est du Canada, est le plus grand systme estuarien semi-ferm au monde.Pourtant, aucune tude systmatique de la dynamique du CO 2 dans ses eaux de surface n'a t publie ce jour.Des mesures du pH et d'alcalinit totale sont utilises pour calculer la pCO 2 dans la couche de mlange des eaux de surface en contact avec l'atmosphre susjacent.Sur la base des donnes disponibles, le flux de CO 2 l'interface mer-air est estim pour l'ensemble de l'estuaire.Les processus physiques et biogochimiques qui contrlent la variabilit spatiale de la pCO 2 en surface sont ensuite identifis, en utilisant un nouveau dveloppement de l'analyse multiparamtrique optimise tendue (OMP).Ainsi, les changements de carbone inorganique induits par les processus physiques et biologiques sont identifis. la fin du printemps ou au dbut de l't 2003-2016, l'estuaire suprieur, peu profond, partiellement mlang et fluvial, reprsentait une source nette de CO 2 cause de la respiration microbienne de la matire organique allochthone ou autochthone, tandis que l'estuaire infrieur, plus profond, stratifi et maritime, constituait un puits net de CO 2 en raison de la photosynthse (conditions favorables la croissance du phytoplancton).Globalement, le large estuaire subarctique du Saint-Laurent tait une trs faible source de CO 2 vers l'atmosphre, avec un flux rgional de CO 2 de 0.98 2.02 mmol C m -2 j -1 (0.36 0.74 mol C m -2 yr -1 ) similaire celui des systmes fortement stratifis et/ou maritimes et les estuaires arctiques.The results of this thesis are presented in the form of two co-authored papers.The authors of the papers are in the following order: Ashley Dinauer and Alfonso Mucci.The data analysis, the model development, the interpretation and synthesis of the results, the production of the figures, and the writing were done by the author of this thesis.Dr.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.007 | 0.007 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it