Laboratory Evaluation of Cemented Paste Backfill Shear Strength Development Up to 600 kPa
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Cemented Paste Backfill (CPB) is increasingly favoured as a backfill method in underground mining. The mechanical behaviour of CPB is critical for a rational mix design. This study focused on shear strength development of CPB using a laboratory vane apparatus, complemented by other assessments of CPB’s properties including set times, and changes in Electrical Conductivity. The effects of vane insertion and shearing rate were studied. A comparison was made between the laboratory vane shear strength (LVSS) and unconfined compressive strength (UCS). A constant relationship between LVSS and UCS was found to depend on mix design, but they did not follow the assumption of undrained clay behaviour. The experimental results suggest that the laboratory vane test can be used reliably on relatively soft materials, thereby giving a shear strength index for CPB. However, more work is required to determine how this measured vane shear strength is best used for backfill design.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".