Bibliographic record
Abstract
The Montreal Canadians earned the National Hockey League’s 1993 Stanley Cup, which would be the last time a Canadian team won. The purpose of this research is to explore the potential relationship between the Soviet Union’s 1991 collapse and the Stanley Cup’s winning teams by comparing National Hockey League (NHL) players from former Soviet states on American versus Canadian teams between the 1990-91, 2007-08, and 2018-19 seasons. The chi-square results showed players from former Soviet states increased from the 1990-91 to the 2007-08 seasons for both American and Canadian teams; however, they decreased for both American and Canadian teams from the 2007-08 to the 2018-19 season. This decrease may be explained by the 2008 founding of the Kontinental Hockey League (KHL), a Eurasian hockey league mainly based in Russia. These results shifted the analysis focus to if former Soviet states players were paid larger salaries by American teams than Canadian teams, which could create a preference for playing on American teams. A two-way ANOVA comparing player nationalities, salaries, and whether they played for an American or Canadian team for the 2007-08 and 2017-18 seasons found no significant salary difference. However, 2007-08 season players from former Soviet and western European states were paid more than players from North America.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.009 | 0.003 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.008 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.030 | 0.003 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".