Lingonberry (Vaccinium vitis-idaea L.) supplementation protects against chronic kidney disease and improves fatty liver
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is the structural or functional loss of the kidney over time. Unless properly managed, it would progress to its final stage, end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Chronic low-grade inflammation caused by lipotoxicity is a central pathological mediator of nephron damage in obesity-related CKD. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is an independent risk factor of CKD and a commonly observed complication in obese CKD patients. Impaired hepatic lipid metabolism is a hallmark of NAFLD. NAFLD triggers lipotoxicity and systemic inflammation, further aggravating the progression of CKD. Therefore, attenuation of nephron injury caused by lipotoxicity-triggered inflammation and reduction of dyslipidemia by improving fatty liver and hepatic lipid metabolism might be pertinent strategies in managing obesity-related CKD. Lingonberry (Vaccinium vitis-idaea L.) is an anthocyanin-rich berry with promising antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and lipid-lowering properties. The general objective of this project was to investigate the effect of Manitoba wild lingonberry supplementation on high-fat diet (HFD) induced CKD and impaired hepatic lipid metabolism in C57BL/6J male mice. Supplementation of Manitoba wild lingonberry powder (5% w/w) significantly reduced HFD-induced kidney damage and renal inflammation. Further, pretreatment of renal proximal tubular cells (HK-2) with lingonberry extract significantly diminished palmitic acid-induced expression of inflammatory cytokines inhibiting nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-kB) signaling. Lingonberry supplementation improved fatty liver by reducing plasma and liver lipid levels, hepatic injury and inflammation, and strengthening hepatic antioxidant defense by restoring nuclear factor-erythroid factor 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)/glutathione (GSH) signaling. Notch signaling has been identified as an important mediator of hepatic lipid metabolism and its activation is associated with NAFLD. Lingonberry attenuated HFD-induced expression of Notch1 and elevated genes related to fatty acid b-oxidation in the liver and hepatocytes (HepG2). Further, cyanidin-3-glucoside, an anthocyanin found in lingonberry, could be one of the potential bioactive compounds responsible for the observed reno- and hepatoprotective effects. Taken together, the results of this thesis suggest that regular consumption of lingonberry might be an effective alternative treatment option to prevent CKD and improve NAFLD in obese individuals.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".