L'autonomie collective au service de la protection des travailleurs autonomes: comment favoriser leur accès à un travail décent à la lumière du cas des artistes au Québec
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Self-employment is an increasingly common form of work. Yet the self-employed do not enjoy the full protection of labour laws. In the search for solutions to overcome the lack of effectiveness of protective labour laws for them, many point to the specific regime governing labour relations of artists in the performing, recording and filming industry (Act respecting the professional status and conditions of engagement of performing, recording and film artists, RSQ S-32.1). But to date, no comprehensive study has been conducted to understand the mechanisms and the effects of the regime and the essential conditions for their functioning. This study demonstrates the striking similarity between the needs arising from work organizational mode and occupational characteristics of the self-employed and artists in Quebec. As such, the relevance of addressing the experience of artists performers-actors and artists directors, circumscribed group for the purposes of the study, makes sense. Their experience allows us to understand how the promotion of their collective autonomy by the legislative framework establishing their work relations with their work providers, i.e. producers, facilitates their access to decent work. The research identifies three mechanisms at the heart of the regime: the granting of recognition at the individual level by providing professional status for artists; the granting of recognition at the collective level by establishing a sector-based union monopoly to the association representing the majority of artists; and the insurance of application of minimum labour standards to artists whose services are retained. It also helps highlighting the need to impose the obligation to negotiate on the intermediary, between the consumer and the artist, who is advantaged by the balance of bargaining power. In the same manner, it brings to the forefront the importance to provide artists with access to sufficient work for the mechanisms established by the regime to be efficient. Finally, it highlights the role that solidarity plays in the regime, both as instigator of the initial grouping and as a critical source for subsequent cohesion.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.005 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.014 | 0.007 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.006 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.004 | 0.004 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.010 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".