The Manitoba French-language crisis, 1983-84 : origins and early legislative debates
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In February, 1984, the government of Manitoba was virtually paralyzed, by an issue involving a proposed constitutional amendment to the Manitoba Act regarding the status of French as an official language in Manitoba. Using primary and secondary sources, particularly personal and public archives, the author identifies relevant historical elements and attempts a detailed reconstruction of the events which occurred during the first four months of the crisis (May to August, 1983). Chapters I and II describe in some detail the "prehistory" of the language crisis, from the circumstances of Manitoba's entry into Confederation in 1870 to the end of the Lyon regime in 1981. Chapters III to V describe the evolution of the new Pawley government's thinking on the language issue, in the context of an impending hearing of a major language case (Bilodeau) before the Supreme Court of Canada and the negotiations eventually undertaken by the government with the province's French-speaking community. Chapters VI and VII describe the first public reactions as details of the final tripartite agreement became public, including the first reactions of the opposition in the Legislature. Chapters VIII to X summarize the early debates on the issue in the Manitoba Legislature. A concluding chapter presents a number of explanatory hypotheses based upon writings by various sociologists and political theorists, particularty R. Hofstadter, R.A. Schermerhorn, and R. Breton.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.005 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.003 | 0.005 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.025 | 0.016 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.014 | 0.003 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Research integrity | 0.005 | 0.004 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.006 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".