Maternal gastrointestinal nematode infection alters hippocampal neuroimmunity, enhances long-term potentiation and spatial memory and improves resistance to direct infection in mouse offspring
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Maternal factors that induce neuroinflammation in the developing brain can be detrimental.Gastrointestinal (GI) nematodes, in contrast, induce immunoregulatory responses, and may be beneficial.The goals of this research were to determine the impact of maternal infection with the murine GI nematode, Heligmosomoides bakeri, on offspring spatial memory, hippocampal long-term potentiation (LTP), the neuroimmune environment, and resistance to direct infection.Two spatial memory tests showed an enhancement of spatial memory in response to maternal H. bakeri infection in both male and female pups.At post-natal day (PD) 17, pups of infected dams retained object location memories for three hours in the Object Location Test, and at PD 34, they retained their ability to find an escape location in the Barnes Maze Test for one week, whereas pups of uninfected mothers did not.These novel findings indicated that a maternal GI nematode infection positively influenced the spatial memory of uninfected juvenile offspring.Résumé Les facteurs maternels qui induisent une neuroinflammation dans le cerveau en développement peuvent être préjudiciables.Les nématodes gastro-intestinaux, en revanche, induisent des réponses immunorégulatrices et peuvent être bénéfiques.Les objectifs de cette recherche étaient de déterminer l'impact de l'infection maternelle par le nématode gastrointestinal murin, Heligmosomoides bakeri, sur la mémoire spatiale de la progéniture, la potentialisation à long terme (PLT) de l'hippocampe, l'environnement neuro-immunitaire et la résistance à l'infection directe.Deux tests de mémoire spatiale ont montré une amélioration de la mémoire spatiale en réponse à l'infection maternelle par H. bakeri chez les petits mâles et femelles.Au 17e jour postnatal, les petits des mères infectées ont conservé la mémoire de la localisation des objets pendant trois heures dans le test de localisation des objets, et au 34e jour postnatal, ils ont conservé leur capacité à trouver un lieu de fuite dans le test du labyrinthe de Barnes pendant une semaine, alors que les petits des mères non infectées ne l'ont pas conservée.Ces nouveaux résultats indiquent qu'une infection maternelle par un nématode gastro-intestinal a une influence positive sur la mémoire spatiale de la progéniture juvénile non infectée.La PLT hippocampique étant un processus important pour la formation de la mémoire spatiale, des tranches aiguës d'hippocampe provenant de chiots mâles PD 21-24 ont été utilisées pour enregistrer des potentiels postsynaptiques excitateurs de champ dans la région CA1 évoqués par une stimulation collatérale de Schaffer.La PLTa été renforcé en réponse à l'infection v Acknowledgements I would like to express my sincere gratitude to my supervisor Dr. Marilyn Scott for her continuous guidance and support, without which, this work would not have been possible.I am very thankful for her kindness, expertise, insight and motivation and for financial support that allowed me to carry out my work.I am also extremely thankful to Dr. Thavy Long, who stepped in to be my co-supervisor last year when Dr. Scott retired, and has been extremely supportive, reliable and kind during the end of my journey.I highly acknowledge the help and suggestions received from my
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".