Magnetotelluric and controlled-source electromagnetic pre-injection study of Aquistore CO2 sequestration site, near Estevan, Saskatchewan, Canada
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Surface electromagnetic (EM) methods were tested prior to CO2 injection at the PTRC Aquistore site at Estevan, Saskatchewan to determine their applicability to carbon sequestration monitoring. Magnetotelluric surveys in 2013, 2014 and 2015 resulted in successful definition of the pre-injection response and electrical resistivity model for the Williston Basin at Aquistore. These datasets define spatially uniform MT responses with a high level of repeatability. Controlled-source EM (CSEM) studies using a horizontal electric dipole transmitter have also been implemented at Aquistore. Preliminary analyses demonstrate that the CSEM experiment is well-designed, with measurable signal levels at all sites and a configuration that maximizes sensitivity to the sequestration reservoir. However, theoretical sensitivity modeling indicates that extremely large volumes of injected CO2 are required to produce measurable anomalies in the CSEM response. Greater sensitivity of both magnetotellurics and CSEM to the resistivity of shallower strata suggests these methodologies have superior application in leakage monitoring.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".