Nanostructural changes due to the removal of water from hydrated portland cement and other inorganic hydrates
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The removal of water from Portland cement hydrates results in irreversible volume changes that are concomitant to nanoscale changes in the structure of these materials. The flow of helium into spaces of nanodimensions vacated by water enables estimates of the density of the water and changes in solid volume, surface area, and pore structure descriptors. Influences regarding the nature and behavior of the layered calcium silicate hydrates (C-S-H) in Portland cement paste can be made from quantities derived from helium inflow measurements on drying experiments. Helium inflow measurements on other more well defined layered silicates e.g. sepiolite have provided evidence that these techniques are sensitive to the structural events that occur on the incremental removal of water. In addition study of the hydration of non-Portland cements (magnesium oxychloride and magnesium oxysulfate) and gypsum has established confidence in the physico-chemical and physico-mechanical interpretation of the quantities estimated by the inflow characteristics of CuSO4. 5H2O reinforce the general conclusions drawn for Portland cement systems.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".