Bibliographic record
Abstract
Until the publication of the first edition of Dr John A. Hargreaves's acclaimed history of Halifax in 1999, no full-length history of the town had been published, explaining the complex process by which 'a few straggling tenements built of wood, wattles and thatch' in the late medieval period developed into 'a town of a hundred trades' by the late Victorian era, and then became in the twentieth century the home of one of the largest UK financial institutions. This book explores the transformation of Halifax from a remote Pennine settlement into a thriving commercial centre. The author asks how, when and why did such a transformation occur. Was it the product of the major economic and social changes which the town experienced from the late eighteenth century? Or was it stimulated by an earlier phase of commercial expansion before the Industrial Revolution? How did geography and environment shape Halifax's urban growth? How did the experience of rapid industrial expansion followed by dramatic decline affect the development of the town? Perhaps most importantly, he considers how the experience of history has impacted upon the lives of those who live in Halifax today. Enthusiastically welcomed by both professional historians and the general reader, for its lively, engaging style and authoritative treatment of its subject, the first edition of this new history of Halifax quickly went out of print. Now fully revised to take account of Halifax's continuing development in the twenty-first century, the vastly augmented text has been supplemented by many additional illustrations.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.383 | 0.220 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".