Bibliographic record
Abstract
Many plants living under subzero temperatures in winter increase freezing tolerance by exposure to non-freezing temperature, which is known as cold acclimation. In cold-acclimated cells, unique cryobehaviors of the plasma membrane and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) have been reported but their physiological meaning or mechanism is largely unknown. Allium fistulosumis a cold-hardy Welshonion which survives winter of-40℃ in Saskatchewan, Canada, andintact cells inthe single epidermal layer, which is easily peeled from leaf sheath, were observed. The cryobehavior of ER in these epidermal cells that were stained with ER-selective fluorescent dye (ER-Tracker) was observed using a confocal fluorescent microscope with cryostage. According to our observations, cold acclimation increased ER volume per cell and extracellular freezing induced ER vesiculation through the breakdown of the ER network. Freeze-induced ER vesicles in cold-acclimated cells were larger and more abundant than those in non-acclimated cells. ER vesiculation may be associated with extracellular calcium because freeze-induced ER vesicles tended to be more abundant in the presence of calcium than in the absence of calcium. Furthermore, ER vesiculation also occurred in Arabidopsis root cells, suggesting a possibility that ER vesiculationis conserved in monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous plants. After thawing, the ER network was recovered only in cold-acclimated cells, suggesting that the dynamics of ER during freeze/thaw cycles are associated with freezing tolerance.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".