Bibliographic record
Abstract
Many plants living under subzero temperatures in winter increase freezing tolerance by exposure to non-freezing temperature, which is known as cold acclimation. In cold-acclimated cells, unique cryobehaviors of the plasma membrane and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) have been reported but their physiological meaning or mechanism is largely unknown. Allium fistulosumis a cold-hardy Welshonion which survives winter of-40℃ in Saskatchewan, Canada, andintact cells inthe single epidermal layer, which is easily peeled from leaf sheath, were observed. The cryobehavior of ER in these epidermal cells that were stained with ER-selective fluorescent dye (ER-Tracker) was observed using a confocal fluorescent microscope with cryostage. According to our observations, cold acclimation increased ER volume per cell and extracellular freezing induced ER vesiculation through the breakdown of the ER network. Freeze-induced ER vesicles in cold-acclimated cells were larger and more abundant than those in non-acclimated cells. ER vesiculation may be associated with extracellular calcium because freeze-induced ER vesicles tended to be more abundant in the presence of calcium than in the absence of calcium. Furthermore, ER vesiculation also occurred in Arabidopsis root cells, suggesting a possibility that ER vesiculationis conserved in monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous plants. After thawing, the ER network was recovered only in cold-acclimated cells, suggesting that the dynamics of ER during freeze/thaw cycles are associated with freezing tolerance.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.006 | 0.004 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".