'Objectionable Ornaments and Decorations': Ritual and Riot at St George-in-the-East, London, 1859-1860
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In the third quarter of the nineteenth century the High and Low Church wings of the Church of England were bitterly divided over the use of religious ritual. A legacy of the Oxford Movement and the Gothic Revival, Anglican ritualism in practice was most obviously manifested in liturgical forms, eucharistic vestments, church furniture, religious decoration, church design and the use of sacred space. For nearly eighteen months services at 5t George-in-the-East were disrupted by the Vestry-led, popular protest against the ritualistic practices of the Rector and his High Church curates. This article outlines the practices and behaviour which were considered offensive, explores the links with anti-Catholic sentiment and shows how the protesters carried on their campaign of disturbance inside the church so effectively that they eventually secured the resignation of the Rector. The removal of all the 'objectionable ornaments and decorations' and an end to Anglo-Catholic ritualism in the parish church.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.006 | 0.008 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.005 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".