The proinflammatory response of human pulmonary epithelial cells to «Aspergillus fumigatus»
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Aspergillus fumigatus is an important environmental mould responsible for eliciting the life-threatening condition of invasive aspergillosis (IA) in immunocompromised patients. The immunologic mechanisms of host resistance to IA are not completely understood. Pulmonary epithelial cells have a role in innate host defence by detecting pathogens and in response, synthesizing cytokines and chemokines. We further investigated the role of cytokine production by pulmonary epithelial cells (A549) in response to A. fumigatus infection. First, SABiosciences® PCR array analysis was performed to study the transcriptional regulation of cytokines from a panel of 84 proinflammatory cytokines, which may be essential in mounting a host-mediated response to A. fumigatus. This analysis identified CCL20 and IL-8 as being significantly upregulated in A. fumigatus infection. The chemokine, CCL20, has an important role in the recruitment of dendritic cells while IL-8 is a neutrophil chemotactic factor. In our ELISA studies, IL-8 was the only cytokine observed to have significant protein production in infected alveolar epithelial cells. When SABiosciences® PCR array analysis was performed on infected small airway epithelial cells (SAEC), the cytokine environment of SAEC differed from the one of A549 cells. Next, we studied the conditions required for A. fumigatus to induce cytokine transcription in host cells. Our results show that A. fumigatus must be alive, mature, have direct contact, and be endocytosed by the host cells in order to induce cytokine transcription. The cytokine transcription induced by direct contact between the host cell and the fungal organism is attributed to the activity of proteases on the hyphal wall of A. fumigatus. The cytokines identified in this study may be potentially beneficial as the use of cytokines is considered as a new immunotherapy approach to IA.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".