Pullus impexus (Muls.) (Coleoptera, Coccinellidae), a Predator of Adelges piceae (Ratz.) (Hemiptera, Adelgidae), with notes on its Parasites
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The biology of Pullus impexus (Muls.), a Coccinellid beetle predacious on Adelges piceae (Ratz.) in Switzerland, Germany and France, was studied during 1950-1952. The present work is a part of the research on the complex problem of factors in the control of the Balsam Woolly Aphid in Canada. The morphology of both the larva and the adult has been studied. Some information has been provided on the probable distribution of the species. P. impexus has only one generation a year. The eggs are deposited during the late summer or early autumn on infested trees and the larvae hatch in April. The larvae develop and adults appear in May. The adults of the new generation are to be found in June together with adults of the old generation. In the biology, particular attention has been directed to the diet of the insect in each of its stages, in order to establish the value of the species from the standpoint of biological control. Two new species of Hymenopterous parasites were found in Switzerland and in Germany, Scymnophagus mesnili Ferr., a parasite of pupae, and Centistes scymni Ferr., a parasite of the imagines. The life history of these species has been briefly studied. A cephaline gregarine species was noted in the mesenteron of adults of P. impexus and a nematode in the abdominal cavity of a female. The two Hymenopterous species provide an important limiting factor in the increase of the population of P. impexus
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".