Reproductive isolating mechanisms influencing the direction of Banded Killifish (Fundulus diaphanus) x Common Killifish (F. heteroclitus) hybridization in Porter’s Lake, Nova Scotia
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Hybridization events provide opportunities to examine the mechanisms influencing interspecific reproductive isolation.In Porter's Lake, Nova Scotia, hybridization between two killifish species (Fundulus heteroclitus and Fundulus diaphanus) predominantly occurs with F. diaphanus mothers and F. heteroclitus fathers.To test if pre-zygotic isolating barriers contributes to this cross-direction bias, breeding behaviour was studied in the lab.Fundulus heteroclitus females preferred conspecific males while F. diaphanus females showed no preference.Additionally, all possible pairwise crosses were made in vitro and incubated at four salinities to test reproductive barriers related to fertilization and hybrid development.Fundulus heteroclitus x F. diaphanus (female x male) hybrids had lower fertilization and longer development times than other cross types.Together, these results suggest that both pre-and post-zygotic mechanisms contribute to the absence of F. heteroclitus x F. diaphanus hybrids in the wild, and that additional, un-measured reproductive isolating mechanisms are also likely to be quite important.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".