Saudi Arabia, UAE to roll out VAT in 2018
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates have long lured foreign workers with the promise of a tax-free lifestyle. Now they plan to impose a 5 percent tax next year on most goods and services to boost revenue after oil prices collapsed three years ago. Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates have long lured foreign workers with the promise of a tax-free lifestyle.The two Gulf countries say they plan to impose a 5 percent tax next year on most goods and services to boost revenue after oil prices collapsed three years ago.The value-added tax, or VAT, has raised concerns among some residents, who say the cost of living is already high, and the Jan. 1 rollout may spark an end-of-year shopping spree.There will be some exemptions for big-ticket costs like rent, real estate sales, certain medications, airline tickets and school tuition.The tax rate is still significantly less than the average VAT rate of 20 percent in some European countries.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.021 | 0.029 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; both teacher heads agree on what is shown here.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".