SCHOOL AND SOCIETY IN ITALY DURING THE SECOND AND THIRD REPUBLICS (1992–2021)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Among scholars and experts in the history of education and school history, it is well known that the evolution of education in Italy, as elsewhere, presents some latent, long-lasting traits \nthat span decades and have sometimes survived revolutions and drastic changes in the structure of institutions. Those who have somehow crossed paths with educational and school historiography—because they were forced to do so, such as students, or because they were simply passionate about it—are ofen aware of this reality as well. One of the themes that seems to have characterized the debate about Italian schools in the last forty \nyears (starting from the 1980s) and, in particular, in the years to which this paper refers, is the role of schools with respect to other educational institutions and, more generally, with respect \nto society and the territory. This article will therefore propose a summary of the evolution of Italian schools from the second to the third republic with particular attention to this topic.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".