Shock reflection in internal axisymmetric flow
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
A new model to predict internal axisymmetric shocks with Mach reflections at their centreline is developed.The model combines the method of characteristics and the quasi-one-dimensional flow equations.A method to extend the model for cases with extremely small Mach stems, generated by weak incident shocks, is developed and applied.Model predictions are compared with those from inviscid CFD, for a range of axisymmetric wedge geometries, and the effects of wedge length and shock angle at the wedge leading edge are studied.These various wedge geometries are found to generate flowfields with similar flow features, with Mach discs that vary greatly in size.This observation forms the basis of a method that uses the results from a CFD mesh convergence study, conducted for a single wedge geometry, to determine the mesh resolution requirements and uncertainty due to finite mesh resolution for all other wedge geometries.The model indicates that these geometries generate a flow-5-2 Application of MOC to a mixed-compression axisymmetric intake (see [96] for details) at the design freestream Mach number of 3.5 (every fourth characteristic line is shown for clarity). . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-3Characteristic lines at a point, P ; and represent the local C + and C -directions, respectively, x 1 is the local flow direction, is the flow inclination angle relative to the x-axis, and is the Mach angle.xv 5-4 Schematic showing the situation where mass flow rate at b is computed by integration along the local C + characteristic.The mass flow rate at a is known and the mass flow rate through the segment a to b, d , is computed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5-5 MOC prediction of a Prandtl-Meyer expansion fan (planar twodimensional) generated at a 20 sharp corner, with a freestream Mach number of 3.0, = 1.4.The pink marker indicates the node at which the MOC solution is taken. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it