Tracing ocean circulation and mixing from the Arctic to the Subpolar North Atlantic using the <sup>129</sup>I–<sup>236</sup>U Dual Tracer
Bibliographic record
Abstract
<span style="background-color:rgb(255,255,255);color:rgb(0,0,0);">This study represents the first use of the artificial radionuclides </span><sup>129</sup><span style="background-color:rgb(255,255,255);color:rgb(0,0,0);">I and </span><sup>236</sup><span style="background-color:rgb(255,255,255);color:rgb(0,0,0);">U, released into the ocean mainly from Nuclear Reprocessing Plants, as a dual tracer in the vicinity of Iceland with novel estimation of ocean circulatory pathways and mixing in the region. Iceland lies at the gateway to the Arctic where warm, saline Atlantic waters interact with waters of Arctic origin in ways that have critical consequences for the strength and stability of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation. Many of these interactions are not yet fully understood, such as how Atlantic water circulates around the Arctic Ocean and Nordic Seas and the composition and fate of the major overflows of the Greenland-Scotland Ridge. Using new and previous measurements of </span><sup>129</sup><span style="background-color:rgb(255,255,255);color:rgb(0,0,0);">I and </span><sup>236</sup><span style="background-color:rgb(255,255,255);color:rgb(0,0,0);">U in seawater, we present a new method of appraising water mass provenance and mixing in the form of the </span><sup>129</sup><span style="background-color:rgb(255,255,255);color:rgb(0,0,0);">I–</span><sup>236</sup><span style="background-color:rgb(255,255,255);color:rgb(0,0,0);">U dual mixing plot. With this method, we estimate that at least half the Atlantic-origin water entering the Arctic Ocean circulates around the Canada Basin before exiting at Fram Strait and that this outflow is increased by about 40% by mixing with Return Atlantic Water “short-circuiting” the Arctic Ocean at Fram Strait. We present tracer-based evidence that water carried by the East Greenland Current has an unbroken pathway to the Faroe-Shetland Channel and that Iceland-Scotland Overflow Water (ISOW) entrains 60% Labrador Sea Water during transit past southeast Iceland. We present an unambiguous way to differentiate ISOW from DSOW after they partially merge in the Irminger Sea.</span>
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".