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Record W7035312617

Ідентифікація джерел формування Державного бюджету України та напрямів використання фінансових ресурсів в умовах російсько-української війни

2024· article· uk· W7035312617 on OpenAlex

Why this work is in the frame

A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.

aboutThe title or abstract carries a Canadian signal from the geographic lexicon.
no affNo Canadian affiliation: this work is invisible to an affiliation-only frame.
No Canadian affiliation. An affiliation-only frame, the usual design, would never have seen this work. It is one of the works that make the case for inverting the frame.

Bibliographic record

VenueThe Scientific Issues of Ternopil Volodymyr Hnatiuk National Pedagogical University Series pedagogy · 2024
Typearticle
Languageuk
FieldSocial Sciences
TopicLocal Economic Development and Planning
Canadian institutionsnot available
Fundersnot available
KeywordsRevenueEuropean unionTax revenueMember stateContext (archaeology)Government (linguistics)CommissionState (computer science)
DOInot available

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

The article analyzes the sources of financial revenues to the State Budget of Ukraine and the use of financial resources in the context of the russian-Ukrainian war. The changes in the structure of revenues were investigated. It is established that tax and non-tax revenues have significantly decreased, and the main sources of funding have become international loans and grants, non-repayable aid, and funds raised through the issuance of military bonds. Taking into account these changes in the sources of state budget revenues, international financial assistance plays a crucial role. The United States, the European Union, Japan, Canada, the United Kingdom, and other countries provide Ukraine with significant financial resources that are used to finance defense, social benefits, infrastructure restoration, and other priority areas. The largest share of contributions comes from Anglo-Saxon countries, with the United States providing the most financial assistance, and the European community including the EU's collective institutions, the European Commission and the Council. Among other donors, Japan, the World Bank Group, and the IMF are leading the way. Humanitarian aid is provided by EU member states, the United States, and Japan. About 42 countries have become donors to Ukraine. In terms of military assistance, Ukraine's largest partners are EU member states, EU collective institutions and the European Peace Fund, the United States, the United Kingdom, and Norway. The government finances security and defense sector expenditures exclusively through its own tax revenues and military bonds. The most significant increase in expenditures is observed in the following items: defense, public order and security, social protection and social security, general government functions, health care, and intergovernmental transfers.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.005
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.001
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesMeta-epidemiology (narrow), Science and technology studies, Scholarly communication, Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)
Consensus categoriesScience and technology studies, Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Not applicable · Consensus signal: none
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.777
Threshold uncertainty score0.999

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0050.001
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0010.001
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0010.001
Bibliometrics0.0010.003
Science and technology studies0.0040.006
Scholarly communication0.0020.003
Open science0.0040.002
Research integrity0.0010.001
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0100.003

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.098
GPT teacher head0.368
Teacher spread0.270 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it